LUFS for Streaming – Consistent Audio Experiences

For any church, the goal of a livestream is to create a seamless and engaging worship experience for the remote congregation. If your online viewers are constantly adjusting their volume—turning it up for the sermon and down for the worship music—their experience is broken. Or worse, the audio is too low to be audible. One component should be loudness management, by using LUFS for streaming consistent audio levels.

This guide will demystify LUFS and provide a practical roadmap for churches looking to dramatically improve their livestream audio quality.

From Volume Spikes to Smooth Sound: Why Old Methods Fall Short

For years, audio engineers relied on peak meters and RMS (Root Mean Square) to measure audio levels. The problem is, individual tools don’t accurately reflect how the human ear perceives loudness.

• Peak Meters only show the very loudest, instantaneous moments in your audio.
• RMS Meters measure the average power of a signal, but doesn’t account for the nuances of human hearing across different frequencies.

LUFS, which stands for Loudness Units Full Scale, is a modern standard designed specifically to measure perceived loudness. It analyzes audio using an algorithm that mimics how our ears hear.

By managing your livestream’s audio to a specific LUFS target, you ensure that the sermon, the acoustic prayer set, and the full-band worship song all sound like they belong in the same broadcast, eliminating the jarring volume changes for your online audience.

Implementing LUFS for Streaming: A Step-by-Step Guide

Implementing loudness management might sound technical, but it’s more accessible than ever. Here’s a practical approach for your church’s audio team.

Key LUFS Measurements to Know:

Before diving in, understand the three key LUFS readings you’ll see on a loudness meter:

• Integrated LUFS: This is the average loudness over the entire duration of your stream.
• Short-Term LUFS: Measures loudness over the last three seconds.
• True Peak (dBTP): This measures the absolute peak of your audio signal, including peaks that can occur between digital samples.

Step 1: Get the Right Tools

Here are a few examples of software or hardware solutions:

• Software Meters: The Youlean Loudness Meter is an industry-standard and has a fantastic free version. Another great option: Waves WLM Plus Loudness Meter.
• Streaming Software Integration: If you use OBS (Open Broadcaster Software), you can add a LUFS meter plugin as a “VST 2.x Plug-in” filter on your main audio output.
• Hardware Meters: For more advanced setups, dedicated hardware like the TC Electronic Clarity M provides a constant, easy-to-read visual of your loudness levels.

Step 2: Know Your Target

Streaming platforms like YouTube and Facebook Live automatically normalize audio to their preferred loudness levels. If you send them a signal that’s too loud, they’ll turn it down, often with aggressive, poor-sounding compression. If your signal is too quiet, your viewers will have trouble hearing it.

By mixing to a target, you control how your stream sounds. Here are some solid targets when using LUFS for streaming:

Measurement	Recommended Target	Why?
Integrated Loudness	-16 LUFS	A great middle-ground for content with both speech and music.
Short-Term Loudness	-18 LUFS (Sermon) / -14 LUFS (Music)	Use these as guides for real-time mixing to balance different segments.
Maximum True Peak	-1.5 dBTP	This provides a safe ceiling to prevent any digital clipping after encoding.

Step 3: The Live Mixing Workflow

1. Set Up Your Meter and Limiter: In your streaming software (like OBS) or audio console, place a LUFS meter plugin on your main stream output bus. After the meter, place a True Peak limiter plugin. The limiter is your safety net; set its ceiling to -1.5 dBTP.
2. Soundcheck with LUFS:
   • Pastor’s Mic: Have the pastor speak normally and adjust their microphone gain until the Short-Term LUFS reading is consistently hovering around -18 LUFS.
   • Worship Band: Have the band play their loudest song. Adjust the overall mix so the Short-Term LUFS reading is hitting around -14 LUFS during the most intense parts.
3. Mix in Real-Time: During the service, keep an eye on your Short-Term LUFS meter.
   • When the pastor is speaking, make small fader adjustments to keep their level near the -18 LUFS target.
   • When the music starts, allow for natural dynamics, but ensure the loudest moments are reaching that -14 LUFS target. This creates an impactful music experience without overwhelming the listener.

By managing the Short-Term levels for different segments, your overall Integrated LUFS for the entire service will naturally fall right around your -16 LUFS target.

Beyond LUFS for Streaming:

Mastering loudness is a huge step, but it’s part of a larger ecosystem of great audio. As you continue to improve, you may be interested in exploring these related topics:

• Head to SoundGym to develop some of these concepts
  • Audio Compression: Learn how to use compressors on individual channels (like vocals) and on your main mix bus to smooth out dynamics and increase perceived loudness without clipping.
  • Equalization (EQ): Discover how to use EQ to carve out space for each instrument and voice, improving clarity and preventing a muddy mix. High-pass filters, in particular, are essential for removing unnecessary low-frequency rumble from vocal mics.
  • Gain Staging: Understand the process of setting proper audio levels at every stage of your signal chain to ensure a clean, noise-free foundation for your mix.
• Room Mics and Reverb: Explore how to add ambiance and a sense of space to your stream mix, making the remote viewer feel more connected to the in-person worship experience.
• Acoustic Treatment: Investigate how treating your worship space with acoustic panels can improve sound quality not only for the in-person congregation but for the microphones feeding your livestream.